MDMA: History and lessons learned Part 2

MDMA use can lead to dangerous levels of hyperthermia and dehydration – often exacerbated by the environments in which it is commonly consumed, such as crowded nightclubs or music festivals. While the population of Brussels is larger than that of Stockholm, the amount of MDMA consumed is almost 30 % higher in Stockholm. Estimates based on wastewater data for MDMA were noted to be more than double the amount estimated by the demand-based estimate. In a study commissioned for this analysis, wastewater estimates were found to give different results, either higher or lower, than demand-based estimates, depending on the drug concerned.


Estimates from darknet market studies in 2015 suggested that MDMA was the third most popular drug (after cannabis and pharmaceuticals) purchased on the darknet, accounting for 25% of drug sales. MDMA has also buy ecstasy developed a substantial niche in online darknet markets accessed via dedicated TOR browsers and paid for using cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. The addiction risk ties back to its effects on neurotransmitter

While individual tablet weight cannot be a direct predictor of how much MDMA is present in each tablet, at population level this trend is consistent when comparing larger ecstasy tablets (almost always containing more MDMA) with smaller tablets (almost always containing less MDMA). This means that consumers buying ecstasy tablets in Europe in 2019 would obtain a product containing up to almost double the highest amount of MDMA recorded in ecstasy tablets in 2011. In Australia, in January 2024, potent opioids of the nitazene family were found in brightly coloured tablets with logos reminiscent of ecstasy tablets. In tablets, adulterants typically include stimulants and MDMA-type substances – other phenethylamines with comparable subjective effects, such as MDA (3). Caffeine is the adulterant most commonly found in ecstasy tablets as well as in MDMA powders and crystals. Adulteration appears to be more frequent in ecstasy tablets than in MDMA crystals.
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When using wastewater data to estimate MDMA markets, the use of MDMA is based on the excreted parent drug, rather than on an excreted metabolite (which is the case for some other drugs, such as cocaine and heroin


Recently, however, social media platforms and instant messaging applications have become particularly dynamic online channels through which MDMA is sold to consumers. Based on reporting from drug-checking clients, the majority of samples were reported as being obtained from a supplier (either a trusted buy ecstasy supplier or a random street supplier) and a smaller proportion (close to 5 %) as bought on the internet (surface web or darknet). For example, 79 % of the Polish respondents reported mostly buying the drug, compared to 51 % of the respondents from Luxembourg. Studying the drug purchasing behaviours of users is useful for understanding market dynamics, but challenging given the clandestine nature of these transactions.
Wastewater-based methods
Although often used interchangeably, ecstasy and MDMA are not necessarily synonyms. Additionally, particularly with instant messaging applications, transactions may be organised online, but completed using in-person pick-up or ‘dead-drop’ delivery. This appears to be supported by existing studies that indicate that MDMA is bought online mostly by retail distributors for the purpose of re-sale rather than purchased directly by retail clients (Aldridge and Décary-Hétu, 2016; Gremeaux, 2022). Data collected from individuals submitting MDMA samples to drug-checking services between 2019 and 2022 appear to support these findings from the EWSD.
Increased ener

Surrey Young People’s Substance Use Service
Contact your health-care provider immediately if you suspect that you have a medical problem. You should not use this information as self-diagnosis or for treating a health problem or disease. Content on this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute for advice given by a physician, pharmacist, or other licensed health-care professional. buy ecstasy Statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition. Choosing 12 Panel Now provides customers with a comprehensive and cutting-edge solution for drug testing needs. Utilizing a MDMA Ecstasy/Molly Test is beneficial for employers and institutions aiming to maintain drug-free environments.


While the population of Brussels is larger than that of Stockholm, the amount of MDMA consumed is almost 30 % higher in Stockholm. Estimates based on wastewater data for MDMA were noted to be more than double the amount estimated by the demand-based estimate. In a study commissioned for this analysis, wastewater estimates were found to give different results, either higher or lower, than demand-based estimates, depending on the drug concerned. In these cases, the missing information was replaced with the mean, computed on the remaining countries. In calculating the amounts used, it was assumed that the maximum realistic amount to use in a day was five tablets; those reporting higher values were excluded.
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